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Nmap is an opensource networking mapping tool frequently used in order to gain an accurate picture of how a network is a setup. It was written by Gordon Lyon and comes preinstalled on many Linux distros including Kali.
The baseline functionality provided by Nmap is port scanning. This allows us to be able to tell what ports are open on our target machine. Nmap can conduct a basic port scan using
nmap 192.168.1.1