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-====== 1. Python Language Reference ======
-Programming languages are a tool. While many modern programming languages are designed to be general purpose, some programming languages may be better suited to solve certain problems than others.
-===== When to use Python3 =====
-While efficiency of a //program// is key to solving many contest problems, efficiency of the //programmer// is also critically important. Python3 is known for its expressive nature: problems that are solvable in Python3 are often solvable in far fewer lines than would be required in [[cpp_ref|C++]] or Java((At the time of the initial version of this guidebook, Java is not currently supported by the guidebook authors.)). Some of the easiest real-world contest problems can be solved in fewer than 5 or 10 lines of Python3 code. A firm grasp of Python3 may make the difference in solving easy and medium level problems, and doing so faster than other competitors.
-===== When not to use Python3 =====
-The reverse is also true. Python3 may be the //wrong// choice for other problems. While Python3 boosts programmer efficiency, it inherently lacks runtime efficiency. Python3 cannot compete with well written [[cpp_ref|C/C++]]/Java code. Certain contest problems may not be solved within prescribed time bounds using Python3.
-Fortunately, while a wrong choice of Python3 can be a (potentially major) setback in an actual competition, Python3 code follows many common pseudocode conventions and can be quickly converted to [[cpp_ref|C++]] or Java code. Such converted code is likely to perform significantly even before it is deliberately fine tuned.
-Python3 is a natural choice for many of the problems that are selected for the first half of a programming contest.
-===== Input/Output =====
-  * [[python3_basic_io|Basic IO]] operations
-  * [[python3_faster_io|Faster IO]] for competitive programming
-===== Data Structures =====
-==== Sequential Structures ====
-  * [[python3_lists|Lists]]
-  * [[python3_strings|Strings]]
-  * [[python3_tuples|Tuples]]
-  * [[python3_stacks|Stacks]]
-  * [[python3_queues|Queues]]
-  * [[python3_priority_queues|Priority Queues]]
-=== Sequential Structures: Operators and Functionality ===
-  * [[python3_slicing | Indexing and Slicing]]
-  * [[python3_unpacking | Unpacking]]
-==== Non-Sequential Structures ====
-  * [[python3_dictionaries|Dictionaries]]
-  * [[python3_sets|Sets]]
-===== Functional Programming =====
-==== Higher Order Functions ====
-  * [[python3_functional_intro|Introduction]]
-  * [[python3_map_reduce_filter|Map, Reduce, and Filter]]
-  * [[python3_lambdas|Lambda Expressions]]
-===== Mathematical Types and Operations =====
-==== Numeric Types ====
-  * [[python3_decimal|Decimal]]
-  * [[python3_fractions|Fractions]]

UT Martin Competitive Programming Guidebook

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